1 thought on “Related information of Shijiazhuang”
Stacy
Population status
2004 The city's frequent population at the end of the city was 9.175 million, an increase of 0.8%over the previous year, of which 2.173 million were in urban areas, an increase of 2.9%. The process is accelerated. The city's population birth rate was 12.28 ‰, the mortality rate was 7.24 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 5.04 ‰, a decrease of 0.49 thousand points from the previous year.
Shijiazhuang City is a cities scattered by ethnic minorities. There are 43 ethnic minority ingredients, 64843, accounting for 0.8%of the city's total population. %. It is mainly distributed in the city's five districts and Wuji County, Luan City, Xinle City, Xinji City, and Zhengding County. There are 3 ethnic towns and 18 ethnic villages in the city.
A administrative divisions
17 counties (cities) in 6 districts (cities) under the jurisdiction of Shijiazhuang City, namely Xinhua District, Qiaoxi District, Qiaodong District, Chang'an District, Yuhua District, Mining Area, Xinji, Xinji Municipal, Jinzhou City, Langcheng, Xinle City, Luquan City, Zhengding County, Shenze County, Wuji County, Zhao County, Luancheng County, Gaoyi County, Yuanshi County, Zanhuang County, Jingxian County, Pingshan, Pingshan County, Lingshou County, Xingtang County and 1 high -tech development zone. There are 114 towns, 108 townships, 43 offices, 4488 administrative villages, 449 neighborhood committees, and 195 household committee.
Tong traffic communication
Shijiazhuang is known as "north -south, Yan Jin throat", and is an important hub for national railway, highway, postal, and communications. Shijiazhuang Railway Station is one of the three major group stations across the country. It is an important passenger and cargo transfer center in northern my country. There are three railways of Beijing -Guangzhou, Shitai, and Shide. , Beijing -Shenzhen, Shitai, Shihuang, Shiji Expressway and 107, 307, 308, etc., have staggered the national highway in the city; Shijiazhuang Civil Aviation Airport has opened more than 20 domestic routes; The village and village roads have formed a road transportation network that uses the national and provincial trunk roads as the skeleton, local roads as support, staggered and cross -vertical and horizontal. Postal communication is an important mail processing center in the country and the communication network hub of the south of Beijing. At present, it can conduct a special express delivery business with 168 countries and regions and 174 cities in China; Communication users reach 490,000 Unicom and Tietong, and the communication is very convenient.
The tour of tourism
The tourism industry in Shijiazhuang has started in the 1980s and has gone through more than 20 years of development and achieved great development. It has become a tourist city with a very broad prospects in Hebei Province and even North China. It is a resort for guests and friends at home and abroad.
The tourist resources are rich, and the market is wide. Shijiazhuang City's tourism resources are very rich. Among them, there are cultural resources such as historical and cultural cities, modern revolutionary commemorative land, and natural resources such as mountains, forests, lakes, and hot springs, as well as unique resources such as customs and people's conditions, business shopping, urban tourism, etc., not only There are many types, large quantities, and high development value.
1 existing national key cultural relics protection units in the city, 105 provincial key cultural relics protection units, more than 240 cities and county -level key cultural relics protection units, as many as 1,200 cultural relics attractions ; There are 2 national -level scenic spots (Cangyan Mountain, Yanshiyan), and 2 provincial -level scenic spots (Fenglongshan, Tianui Mountain); also have national historical and cultural cities -Zhengding, provincial historical and cultural name -Zhao County; And 4 provincial tourism resorts (Pinglong Lake, Cangyan Mountain, Wimbled, Soda Rock), 1 National Forest Park (Wuyuezhai), 7 provincial forest parks (Sendai Mountain, Camel Beams, South Temple Palm, Chi Chi, Chi Chi, Chi Chi, Chi Temple, Chi Temple, Red Chi, Longzhou Lake, Xibaipo, etc.), 6 national and provincial patriotic education bases; unique provincial capital status and prosperity have provided good conditions to develop business and exhibition tourism.
The tourism elements are available, and the industry has begun to take shape. Shijiazhuang has formed a relatively complete tourism industry system. The city has been built and open and has 24 tourist scenic spots, 24 star hotels, 12 designated restaurants, 5 designated restaurants, 510 collectives in the scenic area, individual tourism hotels, and the city's tourism hotel (hotel) total bed Nearly 20,000. There are currently 12 international travel agencies, 85 domestic travel agencies, 4 designated tourism manufacturers; 2 tourist car companies, and the city's direct tourism employees of 16,000.
The system has been continuously improved and management is becoming more standardized. In recent years, leaders at all levels of provincial and municipalities have paid great attention to the tourism industry. The policies, funds, systems, and talents are tilted, which has favored the healthy and rapid development of Shijiazhuang's tourism industry. Shijiazhuang City and Zhengding, Jingyu, Luquan, Zanhuang, Pingshan, Yuanshi, Zhao County, Lingshou, Tancheng, Mining Area, Gaoyi and other 11 counties (cities) have established tourism administrative departments. The establishment of the Scenic Area Management Committee, the relevant departments have also studied and introduced a series of industry management measures and accelerated the development of the tourism industry, so that Shijiazhuang's tourism industry management continues to move towards legalization, standardization, and standardization.
The beautiful Shijiazhuang, welcome you!
The urban construction
2004 The city construction was built in the city, and the urban roads were further unblocked. Huainan Road Construction Project is opened to traffic, and the new reconstruction projects such as sports streets and Jianhua Street are completed. The transformation of "Chengzhong Village" has steadily advanced, and municipal supporting facilities have gradually improved. At the end of the year, the total length of the city road was 562.9 kilometers, the road area was 10.693 million square meters, and the drainage pipeline was 990 kilometers. There are 8 water plants in our city, Nissan's water capacity of 800,000 cubic meters, a total length of the pipelines 1162 kilometers, and a year -old water supply of 175 million cubic meters.
The urban public cause is developing rapidly. The total length of gas and gas pipelines is 403 kilometers. During the year, 30,000 new natural gas users and 17,000 gas users. The total length of the heating pipeline was 500 kilometers, and the urban concentrated heating area reached 42.3 million square meters, an increase of 3.8 million square meters over the previous year. There are 82 urban bus operating routes, 1,703 operating vehicles, 1089 kilometers long in operating routes, and 225 million passengers in the annual passenger transport.
This in our city in accordance with the principle of "both the symptoms and the combination of the specimen, the combination of the blockage", and carried out a series of comprehensive remediation activities that focus on improving the quality of the city's atmospheric environment, and concentrated on the promotion of high -quality low sulfur coal. Special campaigns such as the treatment of flue gas treatment, removing coal -fired boilers, dust pollution control, control of key enterprises, and other special campaigns such as coal pile pollution have achieved certain results in the treatment of air pollution. In 2004, the city's comprehensive air pollution index was 2.68. The second level of the city is 280 days, and the weather is 280 days, and the weather and good weather reached 76.7%throughout the year, an increase of 69 days over the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 14 environmental monitoring stations, 6 tobacco control areas, and the area of smoke and dust control of 137.8 square kilometers. The city's industrial smoke and dust discharge standard rate is 98%, industrial enterprises' wastewater discharge rate is 98%, and the utilization rate of industrial solid waste disposal is 90%. Garden greening has improved significantly. At the end of the year, there were 35 urban parks, an increase of 7 over the previous year, and the park area was 593 hectares, an increase of 172 hectares over the previous year. Hectare; the per capita public green area is 7.1 square meters, an increase of 1.6 square meters over the previous year.
The opening to the outside
2004 The city's entrance and export continued to maintain rapid growth. The total value of foreign trade imports and exports throughout the year reached 3.66 billion US dollars, an increase of 30.1%over the previous year, of which 2.88 billion US dollars were exported, an increase of 23.5%(the statistics of the customs import and export of customs were adjusted, and the growth rate was calculated at the same caliber after adjustment). In exports, foreign -invested enterprises' exports were US $ 690 million, an increase of 20.8%. The exports of state -owned enterprises increased by 6.2%, and the export of collective enterprises increased by 2.3%.
The investment in investment promotion, using foreign and domestic capital to increase greatly. During the year, 95 new foreign -invested enterprises were approved, with a total amount of new contracts of US $ 470 million and a foreign capital of 350 million US dollars. The city's actual use of foreign capital was 352 million US dollars, an increase of 33.8%, of which foreign direct investment was 330 million US dollars, an increase of 36.5%, an increase of 1.9 percentage points. The city introduced 13.02 billion yuan in foreign funds, an increase of 2.86 billion yuan and an increase of 28.1%over the previous year.
The culture and art
Shijiazhuang has a long cultural history. The ball performances and music performances of the Tang Dynasty, and the Palace singing during the Northern Song Dynasty had left the eternal charm in Zhengding in the ancient city. In particular, Bai Pu, one of the "Four Mengqus", has created eternal dramas such as "Tang Minghuang Autumn Salian Rain" and "Wall Hall" and other eternal dramas. Silk string drama is one of the oldest dramas in Hebei. The "Air Printing Box", "White Rose", and "Yang Family" performed by Shijiazhuang Silk Strings Troupe are well received by the majority of urban and rural audiences. On the land of 15848 square kilometers of Shijiazhuang, there are also art forms such as running dry boats, stilts, bamboo horses, dragon lights, lion dances, overlord whip, and other art forms, as well as folk song and dance , Can be described as full of flowers, gorgeous. The folk flower clubs consisting of these traditional art forms have gradually moved from Tiantou and Temple Fair to the streets of the city, climbing to the hall of elegant art.
In addition to the colorful folk songs and dances and Yangge art, there are many gorgeous folk craftsmanship in Shijiazhuang. Xinji City is the "Hometown of Modern Painting" named by the Ministry of Culture. The simple and romantic characteristics of the simple farmers painters reflect the beautiful idyllic scenery and the longing for a better life, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
The city of Shijiazhuang is an opportunity to participate in the international economic cycle and build a modern metropolitan city with the opening of the opening of modern railways. Strange development changes are amazing.
Over the years, under the leadership of the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government of Shijiazhuang, cultural investment has continued to increase, infrastructure has developed rapidly, and the comprehensive development of social and cultural undertakings has been listed within the "five major projects". The "well -off cultural engineering" and "color weekend cultural engineering" activities have achieved remarkable results. The cities have built a total of 5 national cultural advanced counties and 8 provincial -level cultural advanced counties. At the same time, artistic creation, production, and performance have shown a good development momentum. At present, Shijiazhuang City has 19 art performance groups, 22 artistic performance places, and 300 mass cultural institutions. In terms of quantity, the city has a group art museum, county and county cultural museum, and township and cultural stations. There are currently 20 public libraries in the city and 1 library, with a total number of book collection of 1.714 million copies. In recent years, Shijiazhuang's artistic creation has won a total of 33 national awards and 60 provincial awards. Among them, the modern drama "Salvation on the Family" has won the 7th National "Five One Project" awards. "Dou Eglie" won the first Chinese drama festival excellent drama award and excellent performance general.
The prosperity and development of the cultural market has met to a certain extent to meet the multi -level and multi -faceted cultural consumption needs of the people, and it has played an active The role. At present, there are 298 scientific research and scientific and technological development institutions in the city, including 98 professional scientific research institutions, 54 colleges and universities and scientific research institutions, and 146 large and medium -sized enterprise technology development institutions. There are 5,500 schools at all levels and more than 2 million students at all levels. Shijiazhuang City completed the total revenue of high -tech technology, technology, industry, and trade, and won the title of "National Advanced Cities of the National Science and Education Promotion City" three consecutive times.
. As of 2004, there were 27 art performance troupes and 22 art performance venues. There are 25 cultural museums and group art museums, 21 public libraries, with 2.8 million books. The comprehensive coverage rate of broadcasting was 99.2%, and the comprehensive TV coverage rate was 99.1%.
The ancient history
Shijiazhuang City is located in the southern part of Yan Zhao Da, and it is towering in the west. It is a emerging city, which has only a century of history. But its county (city) district has a long history. As early as 6,000 years ago, our ancestors lived here, engaged in various production activities, and created bright ancient culture.
The ancient cultural site
The ancient cultural sites found in the village of Baifokou Village in the suburbs, a large number of stone axes, stone pots, stone knives and pottery system were unearthed Fire stove. It is about 6,000 years after the research distance and belongs to the Neolithic era.
The site of Nanyangzhuang: Since 1977, the ancient sites in Nanyangzhuang, Zhengding County, which have been excavated one after another. In addition to the important relics such as houses, pottery kiln, stoves, tombs, ash pit Pottery, stone tools, bone artifacts, etc. Archaeological descriptions that ancient residents here are mainly engaged in agriculture and also operate hunting. They built houses and started settlement. Daily grinding stone tools have a wide variety of types and developed pottery industry. The original textile industry has appeared. With the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the expansion of social division of labor, men gradually replace women's dominant positions in production, and human society transitions from the maternity commune to the Parent Clan Commune.
The Western Shang Dynasty Site: From a historical record, Shijiazhuang area is the area where the King of Shang is directly ruled. Therefore, the ruins of the Shang Dynasty here are very rich in cultural relics, almost all over the counties (cities). Such as Zhengding Xiaochangzhuang, Tancheng Terrace West, Zhao County Shuangmiao, Wuji Zhenjiazhuang, Yuanshi Licun, Zanhuangzhai Li, Pingshan Yehe, Lingshou North Village, Luancheng Temple, Gaoyi West Qiu, Luquan North Huzhuang, Xinlezhongzhong Village, Western Suburban Beidu Village and other sixty or seventy places. Among them, the West Shang Dynasty site of Tancheng Terrace is the most famous.
1973, archaeologists conducted large -scale excavations in the west of Tancheng Terrace, covering an area of more than 2,000 square meters, and have achieved very important results. Among them, there are 14 houses, with two eyes, 133 ash pits, and 112 tombs. Most of the houses are built above the ground, and a small part is half -hole, there are single, double and three rooms. Under the pillar, walls, and door axes of the house, people's skulls and bones of livestock are found in many places. These are the foundation. In the tomb, in addition to the owner of the slave owner, there are slaves and livestock buried or killed. It can be seen that the slave owners of the Shang Dynasty were cruel to the oppression of slaves.
The iron -blade bronze 钺 unearthed from the west is forged by the meteorite into a thin blade and cast it to the bronze 钺. It shows that as early as the 14th century BC, the working people in my country had a preliminary understanding of the iron and used meteorite. This provides valuable physical materials for studying the era of iron in my country.
The "砭 sickle" with a length of 20 cm long and the widest at the widest point was unearthed in the slave burial tomb. This is one of the oldest surgical medical equipment found in my country. A batch of medicinal materials such as Tao Ren were also unearthed. These findings have provided precious evidence for studying the history of ancient medical care and medicine in my country.
Swest Zhangxi Zhou Site: The site is east of Xishangcun, Shinshi County, Huaishui in the east, and 3 kilometers from the county town in the north. It is 350 meters long, 310 meters wide north and south, with an area of about 100,000 square meters. It belongs to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The chromium on the bronze ware unearthed from the ancient tomb reveals the nation and its geographical location of the beginning of the week, confirming the regions of the first sealing Xing and Houzhi, filling the historical gaps, and providing new historical materials for the study of the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The Warring States Period, Qin, Han
The country of thousands of multiplication -Zhongshan Kingdom
The Zhongshan State was in a pivotal position during the Warring States Period. The ancients said: "The Warring States Period is prosperous, and the Zhongshan is under its jurisdiction." However, due to the loss of history, it is difficult for future generations to understand its historical face. The huge discovery of cultural relics archeologists in recent years has provided us with this possibility.
The rise of Zhongshan State: Zhongshan State was built by Xianyu, and Xianyu belonged to a "Bai Di" branch. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the opportunity of the dispute between Sepaland was moved to the East and East and East and East of Taihang Mountain, which included the area of Baoding and Shijiazhuang. Xianyu has frequently interacted with various countries in the Central Plains through war and trade, continuously absorb advanced culture, and gradually improves social productivity. In the future, the country was repeatedly attacked by the Jin and Wei State. In 378 BC, the Gonggong resumed the country and decided to move the capital to Lingshou City (now Sanjixiang, Pingshan County) with dangerous geographical location and superior natural conditions. At this time, the vassals such as Zhao, Wei, and Qi were busy with hegemony and mergers, and had no time to take care of Zhongshan State. Zhongshan Kingdom makes full use of this vital turnaround, developing the economy, enhancing national strength, and pioneering the territory. The north of Yan Kingdom is connected to the north, Zhao Guo is adjacent to the south, and the area of Shijiazhuang is basically under its jurisdiction. Its status is second only to the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period and said with the East Zhou, Song, and Wei of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Song, and Wei, "the country of Qian Cheng (multiplication: referring to the four horses of ancient times)."
The capital of Zhongshan State: Lingshou Site, Zhongshan State, is located in Sanjizhan, Pingshan County, Dongling Mountain and Niushan in the north, Tonghe River in the south, and 10 kilometers from Jinlingshou County to the east. The city wall has long been gone. From the preserved underground Turkicated Tucheng Foundation, it is learned that it is 4.5 kilometers from north and south, 4 kilometers from east to west, and has an irregular triangle. It is built according to the natural terrain, and the wall is about 2.7 meters thick. The city is divided into east -west parts in the north and south walls in the city. The northern part of Dongcheng is the palace building area, the south is a handicraft workshop and residential area; the northern part of Xicheng is Wangling District, and the south is a commercial area, residential area and agricultural area. The palace is magnificent and gorgeous. The handicraft industry is developed, and the workshop is fine. It can be seen that the capital Lingshou was very prosperous at that time, compared with the Handan and Yan Kingdom of Zhao Guo, which was not inferior.
has many rare cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan. For example: Wang Ling's "Zhaoyu Map" copper version (the earliest map in China), mountain -shaped copper, wrong gold, silver dragon and phoenix copper solution, fifteen consecutive copper lights, silver -headed bronze lights, etc., which fully show the Warring States Period The high development of the production of handicraft industry in Zhongshan State in the middle period.
The death of Zhongshan State: When Zhongshan State is strong, he pursues the policy of Qi Qi Zhao and often harass the border of Zhao Guo. At the end of the 4th century BC, Zhao Guo took the political corruption of Zhongshan State and initiated the crusade of the Zhongshan State. In 307 BC, King Zhao Wuling's attack on Zhongshan was severely frustrated. In 305 BC, Zhao Guo once again attacked Zhongshan Kingdom. In 300 BC, Zhao Guo launched a large -scale war aimed at destroying the Zhongshan Kingdom. He fired 200,000 troops and lasted for 5 years. Finally, he captured the Lingshou of Zhongshan Kingdom in 296 BC, and the Zhongshan Kingdom was destroyed. Since then, Zhongshan has belonged to Zhao Guo.
The Warring States Famous General — Li Mu
Li Mu, from Zhao Jun, a famous Zhao Guo at the end of the Warring States Period. He rigorously governed his army and had a strategic strategy. When he was stationed in the north of Zhao Guo, he killed the Huns with a strange array and made the Huns dare not commit crimes.
The Li Mu rescue the country: In the late Warring States Period, Qin State began a unified battle of the six kingdoms. In 236 BC, Qin used the opportunity of the two countries to fight against Zhao to attack Zhao, and Zhao Jun defeated. In 233 BC, Qin Bing attacked the River on the banks, and Zhao Guoxi was in the evening.
This Li Mu Feng ordered to go south to save the country from the northern border of the Xiongnu. Li Mu led his army to wading all the way, and daily, and rushed back to the fertilizer (now southwest of Tancheng) and Qin Bing against Qin Bing. Qin General Qin was proud of himself. In the absence of Li Mu military power, he rashly attacked. After the fertilizer war, Li Mujun led the Qin Army again in the Jingyu. In order to save Zhao Guo, Li Mu made great achievements.
Qin Shi Li Jian: After the failure of Qin Bing, King Qin realized that although Zhao Guo was losing his integrity, there was still Li Mu. In order to cut off Li Mu, Qin planned the separation plan. Qin Yi bribed Zhao Wang's pet ministers Guo Kai. Guo Kai was jealous and jealous, and his desire to smoke his heart. Zhao Wangqian, who was incompetent, listened to the letter, killed Li Mu, and led Zhao Jie to the military to defend the well. Qin Wang heard the news that he was overjoyed, and sent the general to the troops to move eastward. Zhao is incompetent and Jing Yan is lost. In 228 BC, Wang Yan captured Handan. Zhao Wang, who was harmed Zhongliang, was captured, and Zhao Guo was destroyed.
It Western Han Dynasty, Han Gaozu and Emperor Han Wen sent Lu Jia to Panyu twice to persuade Zhao Yan to return to the Han Dynasty. Zhao Yan agreed with the great cause of reunification of the motherland. In the southeast of Zhao Lingpu, the Emperor Hanwen, he expanded Zhao Yizu's grave to show his respect for King Yue.
The Zhao Yan has made a significant contribution to develop Lingnan region, promote national integration, and maintain the unity of the motherland.
This Backwater
The Han army attacked Zhao: After the death of the Qin, in 206 BC, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang carried out the famous Chu and Han wars in history to fight for the emperor. Zhao Wangxie took the opportunity to resume the country. In 206 BC, Han Xin used Xiang Yu to fight in Shandong to fight in Shandong. Zhao Wangxie and his prime minister Chen Yuwen gathered 200,000 soldiers and blocked the Han army in the well, so the famous "Backwater War" broke out in history.
The back water: Han Xin led the Han Army to follow the ancient road of the well, and advance to the camp at 15 kilometers away from the well. After careful inspection, Han Xin designed a bold combat plan. In the middle of the night, Han Xin sent 2,000 people lightly, each holding a banner, sneaked into the mountain forests on the side of Zhao Ying, and sent troops to the east bank of the Mianman River, back to the river and water (it is said in Weishui Town today). Zhao Jun heard that Han Xin laid back the water and laughed at him without knowing the military law. Heaven will break dawn, Han Xin led the army, held the Han flag, and rushed straight. Chen Yu led the army to meet, the drums were thunderous, and the battle was hissing. For a long time, the Han army was defeated, and they lost the flag along the way and retreated towards the Mianman River. Chen Yu led his army to chase, chased the Han army's backwater, and the two sides started a fierce battle. The Han army knew that the former was an enemy, and there was a river in the back. At this time, the 2,000 cavalry lurking near Zhao Ying took the opportunity to attack Zhao Ying, pulled off Zhao Ban, and changed the tree Hanqi. Chen Yujiu was invincible and ordered the troops. On the way back, I suddenly saw that Zhao Ying was filled with the Han flag, the general was shocked, and the army was in chaos. The main force of the Han army and Han Xin who occupied Zhao Ying hit the back and forth, and Zhao Jun fled. Chen Yu led the disabled to escape south, and then beheaded by Zanhuang. This is the surprising victory in the history of the ancient war to win the "Battle of the Water" with more famous battles. After the war, the soldiers asked Han Xin why the water was launched? Han Xin said, did n’t the military law say that "the death of the death is born, and the place of death is survived"? Backwater is the flexible application of Han Xin's "Sun Tzu's Art of War", and it is a pioneering work in the history of ancient war.
The three kingdoms, Liangjin, Northern and Southern Dynasties
The belonging and national integration of Shijiazhuang
The belonging of Shijiazhuang: During the Three Kingdoms period, Shijiazhuang belonged to the Wei State's jurisdiction Essence In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty unified China. Due to the increasing intensification of national contradictions, in 310, the Shili Shili and Xiongnu soldiers captured Changshan in 310. In 317, Western Jin died. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the former Qin established by the former Yan and Dai people established by the Xianbei people Murong Tong successively controlled this area. After the war of the water, the former Qin tile disintegrated, and the north was in a state of division. The Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Houyan and Xianbei Tuoba established by the Xianbei people Murong Chuang made a battle in Shijiazhuang. After 397, Yandu City Zhongshan (now Dingzhou City) was occupied by the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 439, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River Basin. During the Northern Dynasties, the area of Shijiazhuang was under the jurisdiction of the Northern Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou Dynasty.
The movement of ethnic minorities: In the post -Zhao period, a small number of Kun, Xiongnu officials, nobles, sergeants, and businessmen moved to Shijiazhuang area. Qian Yan and the former Qin period moved into some Xianbei and Ca people. Hou Yanjian Zhongshan, Shijiazhuang area belongs to the place of Gyeonggi, and the Xianbei people moved in a large number. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Tuoba Department of the Xianbei people and other ethnic minorities also moved in large number. At that time, the population of ethnic minorities accounted for more than 20%. Emperor Xiaowen, the Northern Wei Dynasty, promoted the uniform system, re -combined the land and farmers, and promoted the recovery of production and the integration of various ethnic groups.
This Zhao Yun
The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warlord group fought against each other according to one side. In the era of war, there were some people in the wind, Zhao Yun was one of them.
The association with Liu Bei: Zhao Yun, Chang Shan Zhending (now Zhengding). As a youth, it was the era when the rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the people were not talking about life. Zhao Yun witnessed the tragic scene of the barren land and hungry all over the country, and determined to flatten the disaster and do a big career.
In 191 AD, Zhao Yun led the public to rely on the warlord Gongsun. It happened to be Liu Bei at Gongsun. The two intersect and became friends. Zhao Yun discovered that Gongsun had no ambitions and ravaged the people to return home. In 199, Liu Beitou relied on Yuan Shao. Once in the city (Linzhang, Hebei), Zhao Yun and Liu Bei met with Liu Bei. Liu Bei sent Zhao Yun to organize a team for him. This team became Liu Bei's earliest armed force.
The "Shunping Hou": In 208, Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao in Changzaka, Dangyang, Hubei. Zhao Yun was born and died. He was daring and rushed into Cao Jun three times to protect Liu Bei's wife and young son Adou, highlighting the siege. To this end, Zhao Yun was promoted.
The work can start from the overall situation without making personal gain. In a battle of the southern convention, Zhao Yunsheng captured Wei General Xia Houlan. Xia Houlan is Zhao Yun's fellow, and he has to be good since he was a child. Zhao Yunben wanted to keep Xia Houlan beside him, but considering that he was proficient in the law and was suitable for military law, he recommended Liu Bei to the heavy responsibility so that Xia Houlan's talent can be exerted.
214, Liu Bei entered Sichuan. Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun, and Zhang Fei led the army to attack many places. Later, he besieged Chengdu and forced Liu Ye (the leader of the Sichuan separation regime) Liu Ye to surrender. At that time, Liu Bei wanted to give Chengdu's houses, pastoral, and mulberries to the generals. Zhao Yun suggested to Liu Bei: "Today, the world is not determined. I should wait for the governance to make a great cause, and we cannot seek peace. I should return to the people and make them live in peace. adoption.
219, Soochow captured Jingzhou. Liu Bei was furious and wanted to fight for a decision to fight with Soochow and avenge Guan Yu. Zhao Yun thought from the overall situation and suggested to Liu Bei: The current main enemy is Cao Wei, not Soochow. Now that Cao Yu is the emperor, we should fight Wei Wei. If you fight with Soochow and the enemy on both sides, the consequences are unimaginable. Liu Bei did not listen to Zhao Yun's advice. In 222, he sent troops to attack Soochow and was defeated. Soon, Liu Bei died of illness in Baidi City (now northeast of Fengjie, Sichuan).
229, Zhao Yun died at the age of 70. Buried on the east of Jinping Mountain in Chengdu. He was chased as "Shunping Hou" because of loyalty and peace. Zhao Yun has been in a hundred battles, and has repeatedly built his magical achievements. With Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, and Huang Zhong, it is also known as the "Five Tigers" in the Shu Kingdom.
The politician Wei Zheng
The politician Wei Zheng in the early Tang Dynasty, Jiushi Luyang (now Jinzhou). Since childhood, there have been great ambitions. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he participated in the Wagang Army's peasant uprising, and then returned to Tang with Li Mi. Tang Taizong Li Shimin was then the prime minister. He proposed to Tang Taizong: The monarch "listened to the same name, the faith is dark", the thin and convergence, the light rent tax "must be" dangerous, and the extravagance of the "and" "and" "Ren Xian will be" waiting for more than 200 suggestions. In 633, the compilation of the history of the history of Liang, Chen, Qi, Zhou, and Sui was presided over. After Wei Zheng's death, Tang Taizong missed it and sighed: "Bronze as a mirror, you can make the crown in the clothes; You can see Xingdang; people can know gains and losses. Wei Zhengyi (dead), 殁 (emperor claimed to be herself) died (lost) a mirror! "When sorting out Wei Zheng’s relics, it was found that a piece of paper reads" the world's things, there are good and evil, and Ren Shan people are national security, and the villain is the country's disadvantages. "This can be said to be Wei Zheng's last. N Yan Yanqing's anti -rebels
In rebellion flags: 755 years, the Anshi Rebellion occurred in the Tang Dynasty. An Lushan's rebels went south from Fanyang (now Beijing), crossing the Yellow River, Zhan Luoyang, rushed straight to Tongguan, planned to take Chang'an. At this time, Shijiazhuang belonged to Changshan County, the county government was in Zhending (now Zhengding), Changshan Taishou Yan Qingqing hated An Lushan's rebellion. In order to restrain the rebels, Yan Qi Qing and the tens of thousands of military and civilians in Hebei played the banner against the rebellion. In Shijiazhuang, the rear forces of Anlu Mountain in Shijiazhuang.
Anlu Mountain heard the news. Fluttering Changshan. Yan Yanqing faced the fierce enemy, calmly fought, and repeatedly repelled the rebels. In the case of lack of grain and grass, tens of thousands of soldiers were killed, Yan Yanqing was unyielding, scolding An An Lushan's rebellion. The poor and evil An Lushan executed all the more than 30 people of Yan Yanqing and the same family.
The struggle against the rebellion led by the Hebei military and civilians led by Yan Yanqing has strongly hit the rebels. The rear forces created conditions for the rebellion of Li Guangzhang and Guo Ziyi later.
Theki of Luquan, Lucheng, and Fangshan. Han Xin Dong Xiajing attacked Zhao, and was named after shooting a white deer at the spring. Xinji City was called Lucheng County, Raoyang County. The three provinces note the cloud: "Liu Yan said: The emperor of the Ming Dynasty rejected the Anlu Mountain, and the Luquan said to get the deer in the Changshan. "Old Tang Book · Benji" also records: "Tianbao fifteen years in March, Changshan County was changed to Pingshan County, Fangshan County was Pingshan County, Luquan County was a Lu County, and Lucheng County was Shulu County. "It can be seen that the three counties were renamed at the same time, and the reason for the rename was to show the determination of the peacefulness of the Anshi. Luquan and Lucheng two counties renamed the name of An Lushan. .
Zhaozhou Bridge: Zhaozhou Bridge is located above the Nanyu River in Zhao County. Zhao County was known as Zhaozhou in the ancient times, so it is also called Zhaozhou Bridge, commonly known as Dashi Bridge. Zhaozhou Bridge was built in Sui Sui. For more than 1300 years, it is still intact.
Zhaozhou Bridge not only builds a high level of science and technology, but also has beautiful styling art. In particular It has a profound influence on the later bridge buildings in China. It is the first in the history of the world bridge. It is the first open -shoulder arch bridge in the world. Xing Temple: It is commonly known as the Great Buddha Temple, located in the east gate of Zhengding City today. It is a Buddhist temple building in the earlier, large scale, and preserved in China. It is one of the top ten famous temples in China. In the six years of Emperor Sui Kai, it was formerly known as Longzang Temple. The Song Dynasty was expanded and renamed Longxing Temple. It has been rebuilt in the past. The statue of the Great Buddha was ordered by Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. The proportion of the Buddha statue was uniform, the pattern was smooth, the face was beautiful, and the eyes were kind. nStart tower: Today's four existing ancient towers in Zhengding City: Lingxiao Tower, Sumi Tower, Hua Tower, and Chengling Tower were built during the Sui and Tang dynasties. These tower showed people the exquisite architectural art. Lingta is located in Linji Temple in the southern part of the city. According to it, the famous monk Yixuan of the Tang Dynasty chaired it in the temple and created Linji Sect one of the five major Zen of Chinese Buddhism. After the death of Yixuan, the disciples built Chengling Tower, Tibetan clothes.
It in the Southern Song Dynasty, Buddhism prevailed in Japan. Japan's Rongxi monk came to China twice to study, and he would be in Japan. . In recent years, Japanese Buddhism has sent delegations many times to worship the ancestral tower. They planted green pine cypress in front of the tower to symbolize the long -lasting friendship between China and Japan.
Near Hujia Beach in Jingjing County. It is said that the princess of Nanyang in the Sui Dynasty was the place where the monk of Nanyang was a monk. It was an important temple mountain forest in Shijiazhuang. , Built on a single -hole arch -shaped stone bridge with a length of 15 meters long and width. The stone bridge flys between the two cliffs. There are more than 300 levels of Xiashiji, and the Gradesh Palace of the Bridge Tower. Its architecture is a nine -ridges and heavy eaves -like building. It has the characteristics of the early Qing Dynasty architecture and is one of the miracles in the history of China's architecture. After being burned by the fire during the Kangxi period, it was re -built.
Population status
2004 The city's frequent population at the end of the city was 9.175 million, an increase of 0.8%over the previous year, of which 2.173 million were in urban areas, an increase of 2.9%. The process is accelerated. The city's population birth rate was 12.28 ‰, the mortality rate was 7.24 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 5.04 ‰, a decrease of 0.49 thousand points from the previous year.
Shijiazhuang City is a cities scattered by ethnic minorities. There are 43 ethnic minority ingredients, 64843, accounting for 0.8%of the city's total population. %. It is mainly distributed in the city's five districts and Wuji County, Luan City, Xinle City, Xinji City, and Zhengding County. There are 3 ethnic towns and 18 ethnic villages in the city.
A administrative divisions
17 counties (cities) in 6 districts (cities) under the jurisdiction of Shijiazhuang City, namely Xinhua District, Qiaoxi District, Qiaodong District, Chang'an District, Yuhua District, Mining Area, Xinji, Xinji Municipal, Jinzhou City, Langcheng, Xinle City, Luquan City, Zhengding County, Shenze County, Wuji County, Zhao County, Luancheng County, Gaoyi County, Yuanshi County, Zanhuang County, Jingxian County, Pingshan, Pingshan County, Lingshou County, Xingtang County and 1 high -tech development zone. There are 114 towns, 108 townships, 43 offices, 4488 administrative villages, 449 neighborhood committees, and 195 household committee.
Tong traffic communication
Shijiazhuang is known as "north -south, Yan Jin throat", and is an important hub for national railway, highway, postal, and communications. Shijiazhuang Railway Station is one of the three major group stations across the country. It is an important passenger and cargo transfer center in northern my country. There are three railways of Beijing -Guangzhou, Shitai, and Shide. , Beijing -Shenzhen, Shitai, Shihuang, Shiji Expressway and 107, 307, 308, etc., have staggered the national highway in the city; Shijiazhuang Civil Aviation Airport has opened more than 20 domestic routes; The village and village roads have formed a road transportation network that uses the national and provincial trunk roads as the skeleton, local roads as support, staggered and cross -vertical and horizontal. Postal communication is an important mail processing center in the country and the communication network hub of the south of Beijing. At present, it can conduct a special express delivery business with 168 countries and regions and 174 cities in China; Communication users reach 490,000 Unicom and Tietong, and the communication is very convenient.
The tour of tourism
The tourism industry in Shijiazhuang has started in the 1980s and has gone through more than 20 years of development and achieved great development. It has become a tourist city with a very broad prospects in Hebei Province and even North China. It is a resort for guests and friends at home and abroad.
The tourist resources are rich, and the market is wide. Shijiazhuang City's tourism resources are very rich. Among them, there are cultural resources such as historical and cultural cities, modern revolutionary commemorative land, and natural resources such as mountains, forests, lakes, and hot springs, as well as unique resources such as customs and people's conditions, business shopping, urban tourism, etc., not only There are many types, large quantities, and high development value.
1 existing national key cultural relics protection units in the city, 105 provincial key cultural relics protection units, more than 240 cities and county -level key cultural relics protection units, as many as 1,200 cultural relics attractions ; There are 2 national -level scenic spots (Cangyan Mountain, Yanshiyan), and 2 provincial -level scenic spots (Fenglongshan, Tianui Mountain); also have national historical and cultural cities -Zhengding, provincial historical and cultural name -Zhao County; And 4 provincial tourism resorts (Pinglong Lake, Cangyan Mountain, Wimbled, Soda Rock), 1 National Forest Park (Wuyuezhai), 7 provincial forest parks (Sendai Mountain, Camel Beams, South Temple Palm, Chi Chi, Chi Chi, Chi Chi, Chi Temple, Chi Temple, Red Chi, Longzhou Lake, Xibaipo, etc.), 6 national and provincial patriotic education bases; unique provincial capital status and prosperity have provided good conditions to develop business and exhibition tourism.
The tourism elements are available, and the industry has begun to take shape. Shijiazhuang has formed a relatively complete tourism industry system. The city has been built and open and has 24 tourist scenic spots, 24 star hotels, 12 designated restaurants, 5 designated restaurants, 510 collectives in the scenic area, individual tourism hotels, and the city's tourism hotel (hotel) total bed Nearly 20,000. There are currently 12 international travel agencies, 85 domestic travel agencies, 4 designated tourism manufacturers; 2 tourist car companies, and the city's direct tourism employees of 16,000.
The system has been continuously improved and management is becoming more standardized. In recent years, leaders at all levels of provincial and municipalities have paid great attention to the tourism industry. The policies, funds, systems, and talents are tilted, which has favored the healthy and rapid development of Shijiazhuang's tourism industry. Shijiazhuang City and Zhengding, Jingyu, Luquan, Zanhuang, Pingshan, Yuanshi, Zhao County, Lingshou, Tancheng, Mining Area, Gaoyi and other 11 counties (cities) have established tourism administrative departments. The establishment of the Scenic Area Management Committee, the relevant departments have also studied and introduced a series of industry management measures and accelerated the development of the tourism industry, so that Shijiazhuang's tourism industry management continues to move towards legalization, standardization, and standardization.
The beautiful Shijiazhuang, welcome you!
The urban construction
2004 The city construction was built in the city, and the urban roads were further unblocked. Huainan Road Construction Project is opened to traffic, and the new reconstruction projects such as sports streets and Jianhua Street are completed. The transformation of "Chengzhong Village" has steadily advanced, and municipal supporting facilities have gradually improved. At the end of the year, the total length of the city road was 562.9 kilometers, the road area was 10.693 million square meters, and the drainage pipeline was 990 kilometers. There are 8 water plants in our city, Nissan's water capacity of 800,000 cubic meters, a total length of the pipelines 1162 kilometers, and a year -old water supply of 175 million cubic meters.
The urban public cause is developing rapidly. The total length of gas and gas pipelines is 403 kilometers. During the year, 30,000 new natural gas users and 17,000 gas users. The total length of the heating pipeline was 500 kilometers, and the urban concentrated heating area reached 42.3 million square meters, an increase of 3.8 million square meters over the previous year. There are 82 urban bus operating routes, 1,703 operating vehicles, 1089 kilometers long in operating routes, and 225 million passengers in the annual passenger transport.
This in our city in accordance with the principle of "both the symptoms and the combination of the specimen, the combination of the blockage", and carried out a series of comprehensive remediation activities that focus on improving the quality of the city's atmospheric environment, and concentrated on the promotion of high -quality low sulfur coal. Special campaigns such as the treatment of flue gas treatment, removing coal -fired boilers, dust pollution control, control of key enterprises, and other special campaigns such as coal pile pollution have achieved certain results in the treatment of air pollution. In 2004, the city's comprehensive air pollution index was 2.68. The second level of the city is 280 days, and the weather is 280 days, and the weather and good weather reached 76.7%throughout the year, an increase of 69 days over the previous year. At the end of the year, there were 14 environmental monitoring stations, 6 tobacco control areas, and the area of smoke and dust control of 137.8 square kilometers. The city's industrial smoke and dust discharge standard rate is 98%, industrial enterprises' wastewater discharge rate is 98%, and the utilization rate of industrial solid waste disposal is 90%. Garden greening has improved significantly. At the end of the year, there were 35 urban parks, an increase of 7 over the previous year, and the park area was 593 hectares, an increase of 172 hectares over the previous year. Hectare; the per capita public green area is 7.1 square meters, an increase of 1.6 square meters over the previous year.
The opening to the outside
2004 The city's entrance and export continued to maintain rapid growth. The total value of foreign trade imports and exports throughout the year reached 3.66 billion US dollars, an increase of 30.1%over the previous year, of which 2.88 billion US dollars were exported, an increase of 23.5%(the statistics of the customs import and export of customs were adjusted, and the growth rate was calculated at the same caliber after adjustment). In exports, foreign -invested enterprises' exports were US $ 690 million, an increase of 20.8%. The exports of state -owned enterprises increased by 6.2%, and the export of collective enterprises increased by 2.3%.
The investment in investment promotion, using foreign and domestic capital to increase greatly. During the year, 95 new foreign -invested enterprises were approved, with a total amount of new contracts of US $ 470 million and a foreign capital of 350 million US dollars. The city's actual use of foreign capital was 352 million US dollars, an increase of 33.8%, of which foreign direct investment was 330 million US dollars, an increase of 36.5%, an increase of 1.9 percentage points. The city introduced 13.02 billion yuan in foreign funds, an increase of 2.86 billion yuan and an increase of 28.1%over the previous year.
The culture and art
Shijiazhuang has a long cultural history. The ball performances and music performances of the Tang Dynasty, and the Palace singing during the Northern Song Dynasty had left the eternal charm in Zhengding in the ancient city. In particular, Bai Pu, one of the "Four Mengqus", has created eternal dramas such as "Tang Minghuang Autumn Salian Rain" and "Wall Hall" and other eternal dramas. Silk string drama is one of the oldest dramas in Hebei. The "Air Printing Box", "White Rose", and "Yang Family" performed by Shijiazhuang Silk Strings Troupe are well received by the majority of urban and rural audiences. On the land of 15848 square kilometers of Shijiazhuang, there are also art forms such as running dry boats, stilts, bamboo horses, dragon lights, lion dances, overlord whip, and other art forms, as well as folk song and dance , Can be described as full of flowers, gorgeous. The folk flower clubs consisting of these traditional art forms have gradually moved from Tiantou and Temple Fair to the streets of the city, climbing to the hall of elegant art.
In addition to the colorful folk songs and dances and Yangge art, there are many gorgeous folk craftsmanship in Shijiazhuang. Xinji City is the "Hometown of Modern Painting" named by the Ministry of Culture. The simple and romantic characteristics of the simple farmers painters reflect the beautiful idyllic scenery and the longing for a better life, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
The city of Shijiazhuang is an opportunity to participate in the international economic cycle and build a modern metropolitan city with the opening of the opening of modern railways. Strange development changes are amazing.
Over the years, under the leadership of the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government of Shijiazhuang, cultural investment has continued to increase, infrastructure has developed rapidly, and the comprehensive development of social and cultural undertakings has been listed within the "five major projects". The "well -off cultural engineering" and "color weekend cultural engineering" activities have achieved remarkable results. The cities have built a total of 5 national cultural advanced counties and 8 provincial -level cultural advanced counties. At the same time, artistic creation, production, and performance have shown a good development momentum. At present, Shijiazhuang City has 19 art performance groups, 22 artistic performance places, and 300 mass cultural institutions. In terms of quantity, the city has a group art museum, county and county cultural museum, and township and cultural stations. There are currently 20 public libraries in the city and 1 library, with a total number of book collection of 1.714 million copies. In recent years, Shijiazhuang's artistic creation has won a total of 33 national awards and 60 provincial awards. Among them, the modern drama "Salvation on the Family" has won the 7th National "Five One Project" awards. "Dou Eglie" won the first Chinese drama festival excellent drama award and excellent performance general.
The prosperity and development of the cultural market has met to a certain extent to meet the multi -level and multi -faceted cultural consumption needs of the people, and it has played an active The role. At present, there are 298 scientific research and scientific and technological development institutions in the city, including 98 professional scientific research institutions, 54 colleges and universities and scientific research institutions, and 146 large and medium -sized enterprise technology development institutions. There are 5,500 schools at all levels and more than 2 million students at all levels. Shijiazhuang City completed the total revenue of high -tech technology, technology, industry, and trade, and won the title of "National Advanced Cities of the National Science and Education Promotion City" three consecutive times.
. As of 2004, there were 27 art performance troupes and 22 art performance venues. There are 25 cultural museums and group art museums, 21 public libraries, with 2.8 million books. The comprehensive coverage rate of broadcasting was 99.2%, and the comprehensive TV coverage rate was 99.1%.
The ancient history
Shijiazhuang City is located in the southern part of Yan Zhao Da, and it is towering in the west. It is a emerging city, which has only a century of history. But its county (city) district has a long history. As early as 6,000 years ago, our ancestors lived here, engaged in various production activities, and created bright ancient culture.
The ancient cultural site
The ancient cultural sites found in the village of Baifokou Village in the suburbs, a large number of stone axes, stone pots, stone knives and pottery system were unearthed Fire stove. It is about 6,000 years after the research distance and belongs to the Neolithic era.
The site of Nanyangzhuang: Since 1977, the ancient sites in Nanyangzhuang, Zhengding County, which have been excavated one after another. In addition to the important relics such as houses, pottery kiln, stoves, tombs, ash pit Pottery, stone tools, bone artifacts, etc. Archaeological descriptions that ancient residents here are mainly engaged in agriculture and also operate hunting. They built houses and started settlement. Daily grinding stone tools have a wide variety of types and developed pottery industry. The original textile industry has appeared. With the development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the expansion of social division of labor, men gradually replace women's dominant positions in production, and human society transitions from the maternity commune to the Parent Clan Commune.
The Western Shang Dynasty Site: From a historical record, Shijiazhuang area is the area where the King of Shang is directly ruled. Therefore, the ruins of the Shang Dynasty here are very rich in cultural relics, almost all over the counties (cities). Such as Zhengding Xiaochangzhuang, Tancheng Terrace West, Zhao County Shuangmiao, Wuji Zhenjiazhuang, Yuanshi Licun, Zanhuangzhai Li, Pingshan Yehe, Lingshou North Village, Luancheng Temple, Gaoyi West Qiu, Luquan North Huzhuang, Xinlezhongzhong Village, Western Suburban Beidu Village and other sixty or seventy places. Among them, the West Shang Dynasty site of Tancheng Terrace is the most famous.
1973, archaeologists conducted large -scale excavations in the west of Tancheng Terrace, covering an area of more than 2,000 square meters, and have achieved very important results. Among them, there are 14 houses, with two eyes, 133 ash pits, and 112 tombs. Most of the houses are built above the ground, and a small part is half -hole, there are single, double and three rooms. Under the pillar, walls, and door axes of the house, people's skulls and bones of livestock are found in many places. These are the foundation. In the tomb, in addition to the owner of the slave owner, there are slaves and livestock buried or killed. It can be seen that the slave owners of the Shang Dynasty were cruel to the oppression of slaves.
The iron -blade bronze 钺 unearthed from the west is forged by the meteorite into a thin blade and cast it to the bronze 钺. It shows that as early as the 14th century BC, the working people in my country had a preliminary understanding of the iron and used meteorite. This provides valuable physical materials for studying the era of iron in my country.
The "砭 sickle" with a length of 20 cm long and the widest at the widest point was unearthed in the slave burial tomb. This is one of the oldest surgical medical equipment found in my country. A batch of medicinal materials such as Tao Ren were also unearthed. These findings have provided precious evidence for studying the history of ancient medical care and medicine in my country.
Swest Zhangxi Zhou Site: The site is east of Xishangcun, Shinshi County, Huaishui in the east, and 3 kilometers from the county town in the north. It is 350 meters long, 310 meters wide north and south, with an area of about 100,000 square meters. It belongs to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The chromium on the bronze ware unearthed from the ancient tomb reveals the nation and its geographical location of the beginning of the week, confirming the regions of the first sealing Xing and Houzhi, filling the historical gaps, and providing new historical materials for the study of the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The Warring States Period, Qin, Han
The country of thousands of multiplication -Zhongshan Kingdom
The Zhongshan State was in a pivotal position during the Warring States Period. The ancients said: "The Warring States Period is prosperous, and the Zhongshan is under its jurisdiction." However, due to the loss of history, it is difficult for future generations to understand its historical face. The huge discovery of cultural relics archeologists in recent years has provided us with this possibility.
The rise of Zhongshan State: Zhongshan State was built by Xianyu, and Xianyu belonged to a "Bai Di" branch. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the opportunity of the dispute between Sepaland was moved to the East and East and East and East of Taihang Mountain, which included the area of Baoding and Shijiazhuang. Xianyu has frequently interacted with various countries in the Central Plains through war and trade, continuously absorb advanced culture, and gradually improves social productivity. In the future, the country was repeatedly attacked by the Jin and Wei State. In 378 BC, the Gonggong resumed the country and decided to move the capital to Lingshou City (now Sanjixiang, Pingshan County) with dangerous geographical location and superior natural conditions. At this time, the vassals such as Zhao, Wei, and Qi were busy with hegemony and mergers, and had no time to take care of Zhongshan State. Zhongshan Kingdom makes full use of this vital turnaround, developing the economy, enhancing national strength, and pioneering the territory. The north of Yan Kingdom is connected to the north, Zhao Guo is adjacent to the south, and the area of Shijiazhuang is basically under its jurisdiction. Its status is second only to the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period and said with the East Zhou, Song, and Wei of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Song, and Wei, "the country of Qian Cheng (multiplication: referring to the four horses of ancient times)."
The capital of Zhongshan State: Lingshou Site, Zhongshan State, is located in Sanjizhan, Pingshan County, Dongling Mountain and Niushan in the north, Tonghe River in the south, and 10 kilometers from Jinlingshou County to the east. The city wall has long been gone. From the preserved underground Turkicated Tucheng Foundation, it is learned that it is 4.5 kilometers from north and south, 4 kilometers from east to west, and has an irregular triangle. It is built according to the natural terrain, and the wall is about 2.7 meters thick. The city is divided into east -west parts in the north and south walls in the city. The northern part of Dongcheng is the palace building area, the south is a handicraft workshop and residential area; the northern part of Xicheng is Wangling District, and the south is a commercial area, residential area and agricultural area. The palace is magnificent and gorgeous. The handicraft industry is developed, and the workshop is fine. It can be seen that the capital Lingshou was very prosperous at that time, compared with the Handan and Yan Kingdom of Zhao Guo, which was not inferior.
has many rare cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan. For example: Wang Ling's "Zhaoyu Map" copper version (the earliest map in China), mountain -shaped copper, wrong gold, silver dragon and phoenix copper solution, fifteen consecutive copper lights, silver -headed bronze lights, etc., which fully show the Warring States Period The high development of the production of handicraft industry in Zhongshan State in the middle period.
The death of Zhongshan State: When Zhongshan State is strong, he pursues the policy of Qi Qi Zhao and often harass the border of Zhao Guo. At the end of the 4th century BC, Zhao Guo took the political corruption of Zhongshan State and initiated the crusade of the Zhongshan State. In 307 BC, King Zhao Wuling's attack on Zhongshan was severely frustrated. In 305 BC, Zhao Guo once again attacked Zhongshan Kingdom. In 300 BC, Zhao Guo launched a large -scale war aimed at destroying the Zhongshan Kingdom. He fired 200,000 troops and lasted for 5 years. Finally, he captured the Lingshou of Zhongshan Kingdom in 296 BC, and the Zhongshan Kingdom was destroyed. Since then, Zhongshan has belonged to Zhao Guo.
The Warring States Famous General — Li Mu
Li Mu, from Zhao Jun, a famous Zhao Guo at the end of the Warring States Period. He rigorously governed his army and had a strategic strategy. When he was stationed in the north of Zhao Guo, he killed the Huns with a strange array and made the Huns dare not commit crimes.
The Li Mu rescue the country: In the late Warring States Period, Qin State began a unified battle of the six kingdoms. In 236 BC, Qin used the opportunity of the two countries to fight against Zhao to attack Zhao, and Zhao Jun defeated. In 233 BC, Qin Bing attacked the River on the banks, and Zhao Guoxi was in the evening.
This Li Mu Feng ordered to go south to save the country from the northern border of the Xiongnu. Li Mu led his army to wading all the way, and daily, and rushed back to the fertilizer (now southwest of Tancheng) and Qin Bing against Qin Bing. Qin General Qin was proud of himself. In the absence of Li Mu military power, he rashly attacked. After the fertilizer war, Li Mujun led the Qin Army again in the Jingyu. In order to save Zhao Guo, Li Mu made great achievements.
Qin Shi Li Jian: After the failure of Qin Bing, King Qin realized that although Zhao Guo was losing his integrity, there was still Li Mu. In order to cut off Li Mu, Qin planned the separation plan. Qin Yi bribed Zhao Wang's pet ministers Guo Kai. Guo Kai was jealous and jealous, and his desire to smoke his heart. Zhao Wangqian, who was incompetent, listened to the letter, killed Li Mu, and led Zhao Jie to the military to defend the well. Qin Wang heard the news that he was overjoyed, and sent the general to the troops to move eastward. Zhao is incompetent and Jing Yan is lost. In 228 BC, Wang Yan captured Handan. Zhao Wang, who was harmed Zhongliang, was captured, and Zhao Guo was destroyed.
It Western Han Dynasty, Han Gaozu and Emperor Han Wen sent Lu Jia to Panyu twice to persuade Zhao Yan to return to the Han Dynasty. Zhao Yan agreed with the great cause of reunification of the motherland. In the southeast of Zhao Lingpu, the Emperor Hanwen, he expanded Zhao Yizu's grave to show his respect for King Yue.
The Zhao Yan has made a significant contribution to develop Lingnan region, promote national integration, and maintain the unity of the motherland.
This Backwater
The Han army attacked Zhao: After the death of the Qin, in 206 BC, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang carried out the famous Chu and Han wars in history to fight for the emperor. Zhao Wangxie took the opportunity to resume the country. In 206 BC, Han Xin used Xiang Yu to fight in Shandong to fight in Shandong. Zhao Wangxie and his prime minister Chen Yuwen gathered 200,000 soldiers and blocked the Han army in the well, so the famous "Backwater War" broke out in history.
The back water: Han Xin led the Han Army to follow the ancient road of the well, and advance to the camp at 15 kilometers away from the well. After careful inspection, Han Xin designed a bold combat plan. In the middle of the night, Han Xin sent 2,000 people lightly, each holding a banner, sneaked into the mountain forests on the side of Zhao Ying, and sent troops to the east bank of the Mianman River, back to the river and water (it is said in Weishui Town today). Zhao Jun heard that Han Xin laid back the water and laughed at him without knowing the military law. Heaven will break dawn, Han Xin led the army, held the Han flag, and rushed straight. Chen Yu led the army to meet, the drums were thunderous, and the battle was hissing. For a long time, the Han army was defeated, and they lost the flag along the way and retreated towards the Mianman River. Chen Yu led his army to chase, chased the Han army's backwater, and the two sides started a fierce battle. The Han army knew that the former was an enemy, and there was a river in the back. At this time, the 2,000 cavalry lurking near Zhao Ying took the opportunity to attack Zhao Ying, pulled off Zhao Ban, and changed the tree Hanqi. Chen Yujiu was invincible and ordered the troops. On the way back, I suddenly saw that Zhao Ying was filled with the Han flag, the general was shocked, and the army was in chaos. The main force of the Han army and Han Xin who occupied Zhao Ying hit the back and forth, and Zhao Jun fled. Chen Yu led the disabled to escape south, and then beheaded by Zanhuang. This is the surprising victory in the history of the ancient war to win the "Battle of the Water" with more famous battles. After the war, the soldiers asked Han Xin why the water was launched? Han Xin said, did n’t the military law say that "the death of the death is born, and the place of death is survived"? Backwater is the flexible application of Han Xin's "Sun Tzu's Art of War", and it is a pioneering work in the history of ancient war.
The three kingdoms, Liangjin, Northern and Southern Dynasties
The belonging and national integration of Shijiazhuang
The belonging of Shijiazhuang: During the Three Kingdoms period, Shijiazhuang belonged to the Wei State's jurisdiction Essence In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty unified China. Due to the increasing intensification of national contradictions, in 310, the Shili Shili and Xiongnu soldiers captured Changshan in 310. In 317, Western Jin died. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the former Qin established by the former Yan and Dai people established by the Xianbei people Murong Tong successively controlled this area. After the war of the water, the former Qin tile disintegrated, and the north was in a state of division. The Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Houyan and Xianbei Tuoba established by the Xianbei people Murong Chuang made a battle in Shijiazhuang. After 397, Yandu City Zhongshan (now Dingzhou City) was occupied by the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 439, the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River Basin. During the Northern Dynasties, the area of Shijiazhuang was under the jurisdiction of the Northern Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou Dynasty.
The movement of ethnic minorities: In the post -Zhao period, a small number of Kun, Xiongnu officials, nobles, sergeants, and businessmen moved to Shijiazhuang area. Qian Yan and the former Qin period moved into some Xianbei and Ca people. Hou Yanjian Zhongshan, Shijiazhuang area belongs to the place of Gyeonggi, and the Xianbei people moved in a large number. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Tuoba Department of the Xianbei people and other ethnic minorities also moved in large number. At that time, the population of ethnic minorities accounted for more than 20%. Emperor Xiaowen, the Northern Wei Dynasty, promoted the uniform system, re -combined the land and farmers, and promoted the recovery of production and the integration of various ethnic groups.
This Zhao Yun
The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warlord group fought against each other according to one side. In the era of war, there were some people in the wind, Zhao Yun was one of them.
The association with Liu Bei: Zhao Yun, Chang Shan Zhending (now Zhengding). As a youth, it was the era when the rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the people were not talking about life. Zhao Yun witnessed the tragic scene of the barren land and hungry all over the country, and determined to flatten the disaster and do a big career.
In 191 AD, Zhao Yun led the public to rely on the warlord Gongsun. It happened to be Liu Bei at Gongsun. The two intersect and became friends. Zhao Yun discovered that Gongsun had no ambitions and ravaged the people to return home. In 199, Liu Beitou relied on Yuan Shao. Once in the city (Linzhang, Hebei), Zhao Yun and Liu Bei met with Liu Bei. Liu Bei sent Zhao Yun to organize a team for him. This team became Liu Bei's earliest armed force.
The "Shunping Hou": In 208, Liu Bei was defeated by Cao Cao in Changzaka, Dangyang, Hubei. Zhao Yun was born and died. He was daring and rushed into Cao Jun three times to protect Liu Bei's wife and young son Adou, highlighting the siege. To this end, Zhao Yun was promoted.
The work can start from the overall situation without making personal gain. In a battle of the southern convention, Zhao Yunsheng captured Wei General Xia Houlan. Xia Houlan is Zhao Yun's fellow, and he has to be good since he was a child. Zhao Yunben wanted to keep Xia Houlan beside him, but considering that he was proficient in the law and was suitable for military law, he recommended Liu Bei to the heavy responsibility so that Xia Houlan's talent can be exerted.
214, Liu Bei entered Sichuan. Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun, and Zhang Fei led the army to attack many places. Later, he besieged Chengdu and forced Liu Ye (the leader of the Sichuan separation regime) Liu Ye to surrender. At that time, Liu Bei wanted to give Chengdu's houses, pastoral, and mulberries to the generals. Zhao Yun suggested to Liu Bei: "Today, the world is not determined. I should wait for the governance to make a great cause, and we cannot seek peace. I should return to the people and make them live in peace. adoption.
219, Soochow captured Jingzhou. Liu Bei was furious and wanted to fight for a decision to fight with Soochow and avenge Guan Yu. Zhao Yun thought from the overall situation and suggested to Liu Bei: The current main enemy is Cao Wei, not Soochow. Now that Cao Yu is the emperor, we should fight Wei Wei. If you fight with Soochow and the enemy on both sides, the consequences are unimaginable. Liu Bei did not listen to Zhao Yun's advice. In 222, he sent troops to attack Soochow and was defeated. Soon, Liu Bei died of illness in Baidi City (now northeast of Fengjie, Sichuan).
229, Zhao Yun died at the age of 70. Buried on the east of Jinping Mountain in Chengdu. He was chased as "Shunping Hou" because of loyalty and peace. Zhao Yun has been in a hundred battles, and has repeatedly built his magical achievements. With Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, and Huang Zhong, it is also known as the "Five Tigers" in the Shu Kingdom.
The politician Wei Zheng
The politician Wei Zheng in the early Tang Dynasty, Jiushi Luyang (now Jinzhou). Since childhood, there have been great ambitions. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he participated in the Wagang Army's peasant uprising, and then returned to Tang with Li Mi. Tang Taizong Li Shimin was then the prime minister. He proposed to Tang Taizong: The monarch "listened to the same name, the faith is dark", the thin and convergence, the light rent tax "must be" dangerous, and the extravagance of the "and" "and" "Ren Xian will be" waiting for more than 200 suggestions. In 633, the compilation of the history of the history of Liang, Chen, Qi, Zhou, and Sui was presided over. After Wei Zheng's death, Tang Taizong missed it and sighed: "Bronze as a mirror, you can make the crown in the clothes; You can see Xingdang; people can know gains and losses. Wei Zhengyi (dead), 殁 (emperor claimed to be herself) died (lost) a mirror! "When sorting out Wei Zheng’s relics, it was found that a piece of paper reads" the world's things, there are good and evil, and Ren Shan people are national security, and the villain is the country's disadvantages. "This can be said to be Wei Zheng's last. N
Yan Yanqing's anti -rebels
In rebellion flags: 755 years, the Anshi Rebellion occurred in the Tang Dynasty. An Lushan's rebels went south from Fanyang (now Beijing), crossing the Yellow River, Zhan Luoyang, rushed straight to Tongguan, planned to take Chang'an. At this time, Shijiazhuang belonged to Changshan County, the county government was in Zhending (now Zhengding), Changshan Taishou Yan Qingqing hated An Lushan's rebellion. In order to restrain the rebels, Yan Qi Qing and the tens of thousands of military and civilians in Hebei played the banner against the rebellion. In Shijiazhuang, the rear forces of Anlu Mountain in Shijiazhuang.
Anlu Mountain heard the news. Fluttering Changshan. Yan Yanqing faced the fierce enemy, calmly fought, and repeatedly repelled the rebels. In the case of lack of grain and grass, tens of thousands of soldiers were killed, Yan Yanqing was unyielding, scolding An An Lushan's rebellion. The poor and evil An Lushan executed all the more than 30 people of Yan Yanqing and the same family.
The struggle against the rebellion led by the Hebei military and civilians led by Yan Yanqing has strongly hit the rebels. The rear forces created conditions for the rebellion of Li Guangzhang and Guo Ziyi later.
Theki of Luquan, Lucheng, and Fangshan. Han Xin Dong Xiajing attacked Zhao, and was named after shooting a white deer at the spring. Xinji City was called Lucheng County, Raoyang County. The three provinces note the cloud: "Liu Yan said: The emperor of the Ming Dynasty rejected the Anlu Mountain, and the Luquan said to get the deer in the Changshan. "Old Tang Book · Benji" also records: "Tianbao fifteen years in March, Changshan County was changed to Pingshan County, Fangshan County was Pingshan County, Luquan County was a Lu County, and Lucheng County was Shulu County. "It can be seen that the three counties were renamed at the same time, and the reason for the rename was to show the determination of the peacefulness of the Anshi. Luquan and Lucheng two counties renamed the name of An Lushan. .
Zhaozhou Bridge: Zhaozhou Bridge is located above the Nanyu River in Zhao County. Zhao County was known as Zhaozhou in the ancient times, so it is also called Zhaozhou Bridge, commonly known as Dashi Bridge. Zhaozhou Bridge was built in Sui Sui. For more than 1300 years, it is still intact.
Zhaozhou Bridge not only builds a high level of science and technology, but also has beautiful styling art. In particular It has a profound influence on the later bridge buildings in China. It is the first in the history of the world bridge. It is the first open -shoulder arch bridge in the world. Xing Temple: It is commonly known as the Great Buddha Temple, located in the east gate of Zhengding City today. It is a Buddhist temple building in the earlier, large scale, and preserved in China. It is one of the top ten famous temples in China. In the six years of Emperor Sui Kai, it was formerly known as Longzang Temple. The Song Dynasty was expanded and renamed Longxing Temple. It has been rebuilt in the past. The statue of the Great Buddha was ordered by Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin. The proportion of the Buddha statue was uniform, the pattern was smooth, the face was beautiful, and the eyes were kind. nStart tower: Today's four existing ancient towers in Zhengding City: Lingxiao Tower, Sumi Tower, Hua Tower, and Chengling Tower were built during the Sui and Tang dynasties. These tower showed people the exquisite architectural art. Lingta is located in Linji Temple in the southern part of the city. According to it, the famous monk Yixuan of the Tang Dynasty chaired it in the temple and created Linji Sect one of the five major Zen of Chinese Buddhism. After the death of Yixuan, the disciples built Chengling Tower, Tibetan clothes.
It in the Southern Song Dynasty, Buddhism prevailed in Japan. Japan's Rongxi monk came to China twice to study, and he would be in Japan. . In recent years, Japanese Buddhism has sent delegations many times to worship the ancestral tower. They planted green pine cypress in front of the tower to symbolize the long -lasting friendship between China and Japan.
Near Hujia Beach in Jingjing County. It is said that the princess of Nanyang in the Sui Dynasty was the place where the monk of Nanyang was a monk. It was an important temple mountain forest in Shijiazhuang. , Built on a single -hole arch -shaped stone bridge with a length of 15 meters long and width. The stone bridge flys between the two cliffs. There are more than 300 levels of Xiashiji, and the Gradesh Palace of the Bridge Tower. Its architecture is a nine -ridges and heavy eaves -like building. It has the characteristics of the early Qing Dynasty architecture and is one of the miracles in the history of China's architecture. After being burned by the fire during the Kangxi period, it was re -built.